woman in red swimsuit
Mayukh Saha
Mayukh Saha
September 3, 2024 ·  8 min read

From the 1800s to now: Here’s how swimsuits have changed over the years

Swimsuits have come a long way from the modest, full-coverage garments of the 19th century to today’s bold and diverse styles. What began as a means to maintain modesty at the beach has transformed into a fashion statement, reflecting the changing societal norms, technological advancements, and cultural shifts over the decades. This evolution tells a fascinating story, not just of fabric and design, but of freedom, self-expression, and the ongoing push for inclusivity. From the invention of the bikini to the rise of eco-friendly swimwear, this article explores the significant milestones and trends that have shaped the history of swimwear, offering a glimpse into how our relationship with the beach and our bodies has changed over time.

1. Swimsuits Have Evolved Significantly Over the Years

A scene from a public bathhouse in ancient times
Image Credits: Albrecht Dürer

Swimwear has gone through a remarkable transformation over the decades. Initially, it was about covering up as much as possible. However, as society’s fashion norms changed, so did the style and design of swimsuits. They became more colorful, revealing, and diverse, reflecting contemporary tastes and attitudes, as reported on Business Insider.

2. Bathing Gowns Dominated the 1800s

Swimsuits/bathing gowns in the 1800s
Image Credits: Hulton Archive/Getty

In the 1800s, swimwear for women was known as bathing gowns. These long, woolen dresses covered most of the body, maintaining modesty. Bathing gowns often included long skirts to ensure minimal skin exposure, aligning with the era’s conservative fashion standards.

3. Bathing Machines Offered Extra Privacy

Queen Victoria's bathing Machine (restored)
Image Credits: Wikipedia

During the 1800s, women used bathing machines to change into their swimwear discreetly. These were small, wheeled structures that could be rolled into the water, providing privacy as women changed into their bathing gowns. Bathing machines emphasized modesty and privacy, essential aspects of that period.

4. Bathing Shoes Were a Popular Accessory

People wearing bathing suits
Image Credits: De Agostini / Icas94/Getty

In addition to covering up their bodies, women in the late 1800s and early 1900s also covered their feet. Bathing shoes were designed to protect feet from sharp objects like broken glass and shells. Made of materials like straw or felt, these shoes were often decorated with ribbons or bows.

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5. Bathing Caps Became Fashionable in the Early 1900s

Bathing caps and shoes
Image Credits: DEA / ICAS94 / Contributor/Getty

Women in the early 20th century commonly wore bathing caps as part of their swimming attire. These small hats protected hairstyles from water damage. Some women accessorized these caps with handkerchiefs or scarves for added style and elegance.

6. Sailor-Inspired Swimsuits Made a Splash in the 1900s

Sailor-inspired swimsuits
Image Credits: Getty/Kirn Vintage Stock

Around the early 1900s, sailor-themed swimsuits became trendy. Often made of striped taffeta with large collars, these suits reflected a nautical style. Accessories like silk stockings and leather sandals completed the look, bringing a touch of elegance to swimwear fashion.

7. Bathing Coats Added Extra Modesty

Bathing coats
Image Credits: Mansell/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty

To maintain modesty, bathing coats were worn over swimsuits in the early 1900s. Made from fabrics like silk, these coats featured long sleeves and capes. Women would wear these coats to the beach, remove them before entering the water, and put them back on afterward.

8. Shorter, Form-Fitting Swimsuits Emerged Around 1910

Shorter swimsuits
Image Credits: Bettmann / Contributor/Getty

As swimwear became more practical, the early 1910s saw the introduction of shorter, more form-fitting swimsuits. These suits featured shorter skirts and were less cumbersome, allowing for easier movement in water. However, public reaction to these styles was mixed, with some considering them too revealing.

9. Annette Kellerman’s Arrest Highlighted Swimwear Controversy

Annette Kellerman
Image Credits: The Vintage News

In 1907, swimmer Annette Kellerman was arrested for wearing a knee-length, form-fitting swimsuit that revealed her arms, legs, and neck. This incident highlighted the societal resistance to changing swimwear norms and the struggle between modesty and practicality.

10. Lower Necklines Became Popular in the 1920s

Swimsuits with deeper necklines
Image Credits: ND/Roger Viollet/Getty

The 1920s marked a shift towards more revealing swimwear with the introduction of lower necklines. Swimsuits started featuring V-necks and larger armholes, showing off more skin. The use of brighter colors and the inclusion of accessories like belts added to the evolving swimwear fashion.

11. Swimsuit Regulations Enforced Modesty in the 1920s

Swimsuits being checked for regulations
Image Credits: Bettmann/Getty

Despite the trend towards more revealing swimwear, strict regulations were enforced to maintain modesty. Police officers patrolled beaches with measuring tapes to ensure swimsuits weren’t too short or revealing. Women who violated these rules could face fines or jail time. Many women protested the restrictive swimsuit regulations of the 1920s. Notable figures, including novelist Louise Rosine, spoke out against these rules. Rosine was arrested for refusing to comply with regulations requiring her to wear stockings, highlighting the growing push for personal freedom in fashion.

12. Men’s Swimsuits Were Simple and Striped

Men's swimsuits were usually striped
Image Credits: Kirn Vintage Stock/Corbis via Getty

In the 1920s and early 1930s, men’s swimsuits were straightforward, consisting of tank-top-style tops attached to shorts. These suits were often striped and came in muted colors like red and tan or blue and white, reflecting the understated swimwear fashion for men at the time.

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14. Women’s Swimwear Showed More Skin in the 1930s

1930s swimwear with more skin
Image Credits: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty

The 1930s saw women’s swimsuits becoming more revealing, with higher cuts on the legs and lower backs. These swimsuits began to resemble modern one-pieces, with thin straps and lighter materials like rubber, making them more comfortable and practical.

15. Swimsuits Looked Like Short Dresses in the 1940s

The one-piece swimsuit
Image Credits: Herbert Gehr/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty

In the 1940s, women’s swimsuits evolved to resemble short, tight dresses with thin straps and V-necks. The top part mimicked a bra, while the skirt covered the hips and thighs. The halter neckline also became a popular style, combining practicality with femininity.

16. The Bikini Was Introduced in the 1940s

The first bikini look
Image Credits: Herbert Gehr/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty

The bikini, a groundbreaking two-piece swimsuit, made its debut in 1946. Designed by French designer Louis Reard, it featured a halter top and high-waisted shorts, showing off the midriff. The bikini quickly gained popularity, especially during World War II when fabric rationing made smaller swimsuits more practical.

17. Men’s Swim Briefs Gained Popularity in the 1940s

For men, swim briefs rose in popularity
Image Credits: Kurt Hutton/Picture Post/Hulton Archive/Getty

The 1940s also saw the rise of swim briefs for men, which were tight, high-waisted, and cut short. Initially made of wool, these briefs later incorporated materials like rayon-Spandex blends. Men’s swim trunks, which were looser and longer than briefs, also became popular.

18. New Materials Transformed Swimsuits in the 1950s

Colorful swimsuits of the 50s
Image Credits: Archive Photos/Getty

The 1950s marked a significant shift in swimwear materials, with the introduction of nylon and elastic. These materials made swimsuits stretchier, more form-fitting, and quicker to dry. This era also saw an increase in the variety of colors and patterns available.

19. Tighter Swimsuits Became Trendy in the 1960s

Tighter swimwear in the 60s
Image Credits: Three Lions/Getty

Swimwear in the 1960s became tighter and smaller, with bikinis gaining popularity. Low-cut swimsuit bottoms and more revealing one-piece suits dominated the market. Lycra and nylon were the materials of choice, offering a snug fit that accentuated the body’s shape.

20. Swimwear Became More Daring in the 1970s

Colorful daring swimsuits in the 70s
Image Credits: Archive Photos/Getty

The 1970s took swimwear to new levels of boldness with the introduction of thongs, string bikinis, and cut-out swimsuits. These styles showcased more skin and played with unique cuts and designs. The era embraced experimentation and a freer approach to fashion.

21. Vibrant Patterns Were Popular in the 1970s

Colorful patterned swimsuits
Image Credits: H. Armstrong Roberts/ClassicStock/Getty

Alongside daring cuts, the 1970s saw swimwear adorned with vibrant, eye-catching patterns. Floral designs, stripes, and psychedelic prints were common, reflecting the colorful and eclectic fashion trends of the decade. Men’s swimwear also featured these lively patterns.

Read More: 30 Outdated Things Baby Boomers Still Think Are Cool

22. Bold Colors and Prints Defined the 1980s

Colorful bold patterned swimsuits of the 80s
Image Credits: hoto Media/ClassicStock/Getty

The 1980s swimwear scene was characterized by bold, neon colors and striking animal prints. High-cut legs and low, scooped necklines were popular, emphasizing the era’s fascination with bold, statement-making fashion. Thong-style swimsuits also became mainstream.

23. The 1990s Embraced Funky Swimwear Styles

The 90s had even less coverage
Image Credits: Douglas Peebles/Getty

Swimwear in the 1990s was all about having fun with bold, funky styles. Bright colors, unconventional patterns, and unique cuts dominated the swimwear market. The era also saw a rise in athletic-inspired swimwear, with Speedo-style one-pieces becoming trendy.

24. ‘Baywatch’ Influenced Swimsuit Trends in the 1990s

Baywatch-inspired swimsuits
Image Credits: NBC

The iconic TV show “Baywatch” left a lasting impact on 1990s swimwear fashion. The show’s signature red, high-cut one-pieces inspired similar designs in real-life swimwear. This style emphasized athleticism and sex appeal, becoming a defining look of the decade.

25. Tankinis Became Popular in the Early 2000s

Tankinis of the 2000s
Image Credits: Alo Ceballos/Getty

The early 2000s introduced the tankini, a blend of a tank top and bikini bottoms, offering a more modest swimwear option. Designed by Anne Cole, the tankini provided more coverage while still being fashionable, making it a popular choice for women seeking comfort and style.

26. A Wide Range of Trends Define Modern Swimwear

Today's swimsuit
Image Credits: Shutterstock

Today’s swimwear market is incredibly diverse, featuring a mix of styles from different eras. From vintage-inspired one-pieces to minimalist bikinis, there is something for everyone. High-waisted bottoms and retro styles have also made a comeback, catering to a variety of tastes.

27. Poolside Posing Swimsuits Gain Attention

Bikinis only for poolside posing
Image Credits: Pretty Little Things | Twitter

In recent years, swimsuits designed more for posing by the pool than for swimming have become popular. These swimsuits focus on style and appearance, often featuring unique cuts and embellishments. However, they have also been criticized for prioritizing aesthetics over practicality, as per the New York Post.

28. Bonus Look: Ancient Times

Swimsuit/gown in the earlier times.
Image Credits: Wikimedia Commons

According to MySwimPro, It was customary to swim nude from the time of Ancient Rome until the middle of the Renaissance. Sometimes there might be a small amount of fabric around the groin, at most. The 16th and 17th centuries was when swimsuits really started to become fashionable. These swimming costumes were inspired by the attire of guests at renowned baths, such as those in Bath, England. Thus, these could be referred to as the original appropriate swimsuits.

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