Understanding heart valve disease (HVD) begins with recognizing the vital role of the heart valves. There are four valves located between the heart’s chambers, functioning like gates to regulate blood flow. Dr. Smadar Kort, the director of the Valve Center at Stony Brook University Heart Institute, explains that these valves open to allow blood to flow in one direction and close to prevent backflow. This process ensures that the heart effectively pumps blood throughout the body. Below, we explore heart valve disease, along with key indicators that may suggest its presence.
You Experience Shortness of Breath
Many people may not immediately associate shortness of breath with heart valve disease. Dr. Kort points out that individuals, especially women, often downplay their symptoms, which can be quite subtle in mild to moderate cases. Sometimes, the first indication of an issue arises when a doctor detects a heart murmur or abnormal rhythm. While an echocardiogram is necessary for an accurate diagnosis, doctors may also assess symptoms through exercise tests to determine if breathlessness occurs during physical activity.
You Struggle to Sleep Comfortably
Difficulty breathing while lying flat is a significant symptom of heart valve problems, particularly mitral regurgitation. Dr. Kort notes that some patients may feel compelled to open windows or sit up in bed to breathe more easily at night. This struggle arises from fluid leakage caused by the valve, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs, which can hinder normal breathing.
You Feel Unusually Tired
As people age, they may attribute their fatigue to simply getting older rather than recognizing it as a possible sign of heart valve disease. Dr. Kort explains that individuals often adapt their activities to mitigate symptoms. For instance, someone might still go shopping but find they need to take breaks after only a couple of aisles. If you notice a decrease in your stamina or find yourself needing to rest more frequently, it may be time to consult a healthcare professional.
You Experience Dizziness or Lightheadedness
Dizziness can signal a reduction in blood flow to the brain, often caused by calcium buildup in the heart valves. Over time, this calcification can narrow the valve openings, impeding blood flow. Dr. Capano emphasizes that when the brain doesn’t receive adequate blood flow, it can result in lightheadedness and dizziness, which are concerning signs that warrant attention.
You Notice Swelling or Tightness in Your Legs
If you find that your socks leave indentations on your skin or your shoes feel tighter, this could indicate worsening valve regurgitation. The backflow of blood caused by a leaky valve can lead to fluid congestion in the lungs and, consequently, swelling in other areas of the body, particularly the legs. Dr. Kort highlights that fluid retention and ankle swelling are common in patients with congestive heart failure, which can be a result of valvular heart disease.
You Get Winded Easily
Experiencing breathlessness during simple activities, such as climbing stairs or walking briskly, might be indicative of heart valve disease. Dr. Capano explains that individuals may initially attribute this shortness of breath to lung issues. However, it often signifies that the heart is working harder due to narrowing or leaking valves. If you find that your stamina has significantly declined or you become easily fatigued, it could be a sign that your heart is under stress.
Your Heart Feels Like It’s Racing
Heart palpitations can occur when the mitral valve is not functioning properly, a condition known as mitral valve prolapse. Dr. Kort points out that this issue is more common in women and can be inherited. While not all cases lead to mitral regurgitation, significant leakage may cause noticeable heart flutters. If you experience a racing heart or palpitations, it’s worth discussing with your doctor.
You Faint After Activity
Fainting, especially following physical exertion, is a serious symptom that necessitates immediate medical attention. According to Dr. Capano, if fainting is linked to valve disease, it could indicate a significant issue like aortic stenosis. Individuals might also experience chest discomfort or a heavy sensation during exercise, which can be associated with this condition. If you experience fainting spells, don’t hesitate to seek help.
Conclusion: Prioritize Your Heart Health
Recognizing the signs of heart valve disease is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment. Many symptoms can be subtle or easily overlooked, particularly among women. If you experience any of these indicators, consulting a healthcare professional can help ensure your heart remains healthy and functioning properly. Your heart deserves attention, and taking action early can make a significant difference in your overall well-being.
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